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Flower Pollination Algorithm

A population of candidate tours (flowers) evolves each step: with probability p a flower makes a long-range Lévy flight toward the global best; otherwise it cross-pollinates with two random flowers nearby. Drag the sliders to see how p and population size shape search.

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Flowers
02031active flower
12362quality 30%
22175quality 59%
32037quality 81%
42550quality 0%
52087quality 73%
61914global best
72099quality 71%
gbest tour active flower population city active flower global best
Press Step or Run to begin
global Lévy step   local ε step
step size
iteration
0
gbest distance
1914.3
global steps
0
local steps
0
~80% global / 20% local
Balanced population size
cities: 12flowers: 8p: 0.80β (Lévy): 1.5