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Flower Pollination Algorithm

A population of candidate tours (flowers) evolves each step: with probability p a flower makes a long-range Lévy flight toward the global best; otherwise it cross-pollinates with two random flowers nearby. Drag the sliders to see how p and population size shape search.

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Flowers
01991active flower
11647global best
21776quality 79%
32168quality 15%
41946quality 51%
51835quality 69%
62258quality 0%
72088quality 28%
gbest tour active flower population city active flower global best
Press Step or Run to begin
global Lévy step   local ε step
step size
iteration
0
gbest distance
1646.6
global steps
0
local steps
0
~80% global / 20% local
Balanced population size
cities: 12flowers: 8p: 0.80β (Lévy): 1.5